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Published (Version of record)CC BY V4.0, Open Access
Published (Version of record)CC BY V4.0, Open
Letter/Communication
Response to Lawrence DJ:the global summit on the efficacy and effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy for the prevention and treatment of non-musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review of the literature
Chiropractic & Manual Therapies, Vol.29(1), pp.1-3
20/07/2021
PMCID: PMC8290565
PMID: 34284791
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Source: InCites
Abstract
Thank you for the opportunity to respond to the Letter to the Editor by Dana J. Lawrence. In his letter, Lawrence states that the results of our systematic review may be due to bias. However, he does not adequately substantiate his claims. First, Lawrence perceived that we " brushed away " the possibility of reviewer bias. This comment is surprising because, as described in the paper, we carefully planned for possible reviewer bias and took several methodo-logical steps to minimize its potential impact. Specifically , we: 1) developed an instruction manual for critical appraisal that we distributed to all reviewers prior to the Global Summit; 2) used the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) criteria, a standardized critical appraisal tool, to assess the risk of bias of ran-domized controlled trials; 3) adapted the language of the SIGN tool to minimize the risk of misinterpretation of the critical appraisal items; 4) provided detailed notes that accompanied the SIGN checklist, and edited to match the purpose of this review; 5) conducted three rounds of independent reviews to ensure that the risk of bias assessment was consistent across reviewers; 6) undertook a quality control assessment by two independent reviewers, who reviewed all critical appraisal checklists and risk of bias ratings; and 7) invited all Global Summit participants to independently review and vote on the final risk of bias assessment results; the risk of bias table was approved by 98.0% (49/50) of participants. Therefore, the position advanced by Lawrence that we " brushed away " the possibility of reviewer bias is not justified. Second, Lawrence states that publication bias may be responsible for our findings. He wrote: " … publication bias tilted toward positive, not negative, findings have been demonstrated even in Cochrane reviews themselves. " and he uses the study by Kicinski et al. to support his assertion [1]. This indicates that Lawrence misinterpreted the concept of publication bias in this instance. In their study of systematic reviews included in the Cochrane database, Kicinski et al. reported that: " In the meta-analyses of efficacy, outcomes favoring treatment had on average a 27% (95% Credible Interval (CI): 18% to 36%) higher probability to be included than other outcomes. " [1] We refer Lawrence to our discussion where we clearly stated: " Finally, publication bias may be present in this field of research. However, it is unlikely that publication bias compromised the validity of our results because studies most unlikely to be published are those that failed to obtain a 'positive' result. " In other words, we are in agreement with Kicinski et al. and disagree with Lawrence's conclusion. In fact, our position is consistent with a large body of methodological literature which clearly indicates that a trial is more likely to be published if the results favor a specific intervention (positive results) compared to a trial which does not support an effect of an intervention (negative results) [1–13]. We would like to remind Lawrence that we identified and critically appraised studies regardless if they had " negative " or " positive " results. However, the meth-odological quality of " positive " trials was low and their results could not be used to inform our synthesis. Third, Lawrence indicated that clinicians did not have a voice in the project. We respectfully disagree with this assertion. Several participants to the Global Summit maintain an active practice and most participants have had long and successful clinical careers. In summary, the statements made by Lawrence about our methodology are incorrect and ill informed. While we thank Lawrence for his interest in our work, his statements about our methodology are in our opinion misconstrued and hence not appropriate. Acknowledgements not applicable.
Details
- Title
- Response to Lawrence DJ:the global summit on the efficacy and effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy for the prevention and treatment of non-musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review of the literature
- Creators
- Pierre Côté - University of Ontario Institute of TechnologyJan Hartvigsen - University of Southern DenmarkIben Axén - Karolinska InstitutetCharlotte Leboeuf-Yde - University of Southern DenmarkMelissa Corso - University of Ontario Institute of TechnologyHeather Shearer - University of Ontario Institute of TechnologyJessica Wong - University of Ontario Institute of TechnologyAndrée Anne Marchand - Université du Québec à Trois-RivièresJ. David Cassidy - University of TorontoSimon French - Macquarie UniversityGregory N Kawchuk - University of AlbertaSilvano Mior - University of Ontario Institute of TechnologyErik Poulsen - University of Southern DenmarkJohn Srbely - University of GuelphCarlo Ammendolia - University of TorontoMarc André Blanchette - Université du Québec à Trois-RivièresJason W Busse - McMaster UniversityAndré Bussières - Université du Québec à Trois-RivièresCarolina Cancelliere - University of Ontario Institute of TechnologyHenrik Wulff Christensen - Nordisk Institut for Kiropraktik og Klinisk BiomekanikDiana De Carvalho - Memorial University of NewfoundlandKatie De Luca - Macquarie UniversityAlister Du Rose - University of South WalesAndreas Eklund - Karolinska InstitutetRoger Engel - Macquarie UniversityGuillaume Goncalves - L’Institut Franco-Européen de ChiropraxieJeffrey Hebert - University of New BrunswickCesar A Hincapié - University of ZurichMaria Hondras - University of Kansas Medical CenterAmanda Kimpton - RMIT UniversityHenrik Hein Lauridsen - University of Southern DenmarkStanley Innes - Murdoch UniversityAnne Laure Meyer - L’Institut Franco-Européen de ChiropraxieDavid Newell - AECC University CollegeSøren O’Neill - University of Southern DenmarkIsabelle Pagé - Université du Québec à Trois-RivièresSteven Passmore - University of ManitobaStephen M Perle - University of BridgeportJeffrey Quon - University of British ColumbiaMana Rezai - University of Ontario Institute of TechnologyMaja Stupar - Canadian Memorial Chiropractic CollegeMichael Swain - Macquarie UniversityAndrew Vitiello - Central Queensland UniversityKenneth Weber - Stanford UniversityKenneth J Young - University of Central LancashireHainan Yu
- Publication Details
- Chiropractic & Manual Therapies, Vol.29(1), pp.1-3
- Publisher
- BioMed Central
- Identifiers
- 991012978844602368
- Copyright
- © The Author(s). 2021 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
- Academic Unit
- Faculty of Health
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Letter/Communication