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Published (Version of record)CC BY V4.0, Open Access
Published (Version of record)CC BY V4.0, Open
Journal article
Validation of the Barriers to Sports Coaching Questionnaire for Women to the Portuguese Sports Contexts
Societies, Vol.16(3), pp.1-14
25/02/2026
Appears in Recent Faculty of Education Publications
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Abstract
Despite recent advances in women's sport in Portugal, coaching remains a highly gendered domain in which women continue to be underrepresented in leadership positions. Understanding the barriers that constrain women's coaching careers is therefore essential for advancing gender equality in sport. This study aimed to validate the Barriers to Sports Coaching Questionnaire for Women (BSCQW) for the Portuguese sport context. Following a translation and cultural adaptation process, data were collected from a sample of 660 Portuguese women coaches representing a wide range of sports and competitive levels. A formative measurement approach was adopted and assessed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. The results demonstrated acceptable collinearity among indicators and meaningful contributions of organizational, sociocultural, intrapersonal, and interpersonal barriers to their respective constructs. The sociocultural barriers construct was refined by removing one item due to limited relevance in the Portuguese context, resulting in a more parsimonious model while preserving theoretical coverage. Overall, the findings supported the validity and contextual adequacy of the BSCQW Portuguese version. This instrument provides a robust and practical tool for researchers, sport organizations, coach education programs, and policymakers to identify the barriers faced by women coaches, thereby informing initiatives to support women's coaching careers in Portugal.
Details
- Title
- Validation of the Barriers to Sports Coaching Questionnaire for Women to the Portuguese Sports Contexts
- Creators
- Carla Valerio - Southern Cross UniversityCristiana Bessa - University of Porto (Portugal)Isabel Mesquita - Universidade do PortoPatrícia Coutinho - University of Porto (Portugal)Ana Ramos - Universidade do Porto
- Publication Details
- Societies, Vol.16(3), pp.1-14
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Grant note
- CIFI2D is financed by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), under the DOI https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/05913/2020.
- Identifiers
- 991013354873102368
- Copyright
- © 2026 by the authors.
- Academic Unit
- Faculty of Education
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article