Journal article
Toxicity of raw and neutralized bauxite refinery residue liquors to the freshwater cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia and the marine amphipod Paracalliope australis
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol.30(12), pp.2817-2824
2011
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Source: InCites
Abstract
<p>The extraction of alumina from bauxite produces a highly toxic residue, termed bauxite refinery residue (BRR) or red mud. The toxicity of this material is due to chemical and biological effects of high pH, alkalinity, electrical conductivity (EC), and Na<sup>+</sup> and Al<sup>3+</sup> concentrations. Several neutralization techniques may allow BRR to be used for environmental remediation. The present study investigated standardized 48-h acute toxicity tests with a freshwater cladoceran, <em>Ceriodaphnia dubia</em>, and a marine amphipod, <em>Paracalliope australis</em>, against raw supernatant BRR liquor (RL) versus liquors neutralized with acid (ANL), CO<sub>2</sub> (CNL), seawater (SNL), and a hybrid method (HNL). Based on 48-h LC50 values, the toxicity of the liquors to <em>C. dubia</em> increased in the following order; HNL ≤ SNL < ANL ≤ CNL < RL, with comparable responses from <em>P. australis</em>. The high toxicity of RL likely is due to high pH (∼12), alkalinity, and Al concentration. Toxicity of CNL likely is due to high EC and alkalinity. Sulfate and Na<sup>+</sup> concentrations are considered sources of toxicity in ANL. Seawater-neutralized liquor and HNL were considerably less toxic to both test species. These data provide evidence of the acute lethal toxicity of raw supernatant liquor from BRR and four neutralized supernatant liquors to the freshwater cladoceran <em>C. dubia</em> and the marine amphipod <em>P. australis</em>, providing valuable baselines for further ecotoxicological investigations of BRR materials in aquatic environments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2817–2824.</p>
Details
- Title
- Toxicity of raw and neutralized bauxite refinery residue liquors to the freshwater cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia and the marine amphipod Paracalliope australis
- Creators
- Pelli Louise Howe - Southern Cross UniversityMalcolm W Clark - Southern Cross UniversityAmanda J Reichelt-Brushett - Southern Cross UniversityMax Johnston - Southern Cross University
- Publication Details
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol.30(12), pp.2817-2824
- Identifiers
- 2279; 991012821626002368
- Academic Unit
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering; Marine Ecology Research Centre; Science; Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Resource Type
- Journal article