The phytotoxicity of soil-applied herbicides is enhanced in the first-year post strategic deep tillage

Tom J. Edwards; Stephen L. Davies; Ron J. Yates; Mick Rose; John G. Howieson; Graham O’Hara; Emma J. Steel; David JM Hall

doi:10.1016/j.still.2023.105734

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The phytotoxicity of soil-applied herbicides is enhanced in the first-year post strategic deep tillage

Journal article

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The phytotoxicity of soil-applied herbicides is enhanced in the first-year post strategic deep tillage

Tom J. Edwards, Stephen L. Davies, Ron J. Yates, Mick Rose, John G. Howieson, Graham O’Hara, Emma J. Steel and David JM Hall

Soil & tillage research, Vol.231, 105734

07/2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2023.105734

Appears in Recent Faculty of Science and Engineering Publications

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Abstract

Cropping

Deep tillage

Herbicides

Sand textured soils

The sandplain soils of WA are inherently fragile with surface layers that are very low in organic matter and clay content. The advent of minimum- and no-till farming has seen the increase in frequency and intensity of cropping on these soils. However, a combination of soil physio-chemical constraints and agronomic issues remain a challenge to the sustainability of cropping systems on them. These constraints include sub-soil compaction, soil water repellence, sub soil acidity and herbicide resistant weeds. Strategic deep tillage such, as soil inversion and deep soil mixing, have been shown to ameliorate these multiple constraints and dramatically increase crop production. For WA soils, an increase in herbicide usage is correlated with a decrease in regular tillage, and how the two interact is imperfectly understood. As a result, current herbicide strategies and rates are designed to perform optimally in a minimum tillage environment. Two field experiments were established to compare crop damage from a range of commonly used pre-emergent herbicides when grown in soil that remained under minimum tillage, was deep mixed or inverted. These trials demonstrated that both strategic tillage methods significantly changed the soil surface composition that would be expected to directly affect the bioavailability of some herbicides. Two commonly used herbicides, Metribuzin and Diuron, detrimentally impacted crop performance following tillage in both trials. These same treatments reduced yield by a greater extent on both the soil inversion and deep mixing treatments (p < 0.001). No other herbicides, when applied at either label or triple label rates, significantly impacted yield on any of the soil treatments. There was a substantial crop production benefit from strategic deep tillage at Esperance but not at Geraldton. These results reflect that the influence of deep tillage on the toxicity of herbicides is highly dependent upon soil properties and rainfall.

Details

Title: The phytotoxicity of soil-applied herbicides is enhanced in the first-year post strategic deep tillage
Creators: Tom J. Edwards - Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Grains, Soil Science and Crop Nutrition (Perth, Western Australia)
Stephen L. Davies - Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Grains, Soil Science and Crop Nutrition (Perth, Western Australia)
Ron J. Yates - Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Grains, Soil Science and Crop Nutrition (Perth, Western Australia)
Mick Rose - New South Wales Department of Primary Industries
John G. Howieson - Murdoch University
Graham O’Hara - Murdoch University
Emma J. Steel - Murdoch University
David JM Hall - Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Grains, Soil Science and Crop Nutrition (Perth, Western Australia)
Publication Details: Soil & tillage research, Vol.231, 105734
Publisher: Elsevier B.V
Identifiers: 991013126106702368
Academic Unit: Faculty of Science and Engineering
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

The phytotoxicity of soil-applied herbicides is enhanced in the first-year post strategic deep tillage

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