The muscle appearance satisfaction scale: a factorial analysis of validity and reliability for its use on adult Chinese male weightlifters

Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is the distorted perception of men’s own muscle appearance. The increasingpopularity of weightlifting in Chinese men suggests the presence of MD. The study assessed the validityand reliability of the Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale (MASS) for its use on adult Chinese males.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of responses from 225 and 592 participants confirmed thesame five factors for the 17-item Chinese version as the original MASS (CFI = .931, RMSEA = .052). Theinternal consistency for all factors were acceptable (Cronbach ˛ = .636 to .737). Correlation levels of itssubscales with converging measurements indicated that the revised MASS is effective in assessing MD inChinese male weightlifters. Differences in the importance of the factors suggest an influence of Chineseculture in the symptoms of MD and the need of assessing the MASS with populations from distinctdemographics in China and from different cultures.