Searching for Activity Markers that Approximate (VBNC) Legionella pneumophila Infectivity in Amoeba after Ultraviolet (UV) Irradiation

Michael R. Grossi; Rafik Dey; Nicholas J. Ashbolt

doi:10.3390/w10091219

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Searching for Activity Markers that Approximate (VBNC) Legionella pneumophila Infectivity in Amoeba after Ultraviolet (UV) Irradiation

Journal article

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Searching for Activity Markers that Approximate (VBNC) Legionella pneumophila Infectivity in Amoeba after Ultraviolet (UV) Irradiation

Michael R. Grossi, Rafik Dey and Nicholas J. Ashbolt

Water (Basel), Vol.10(9), 1219

10/09/2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w10091219

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Abstract

Environmental Sciences

Environmental Sciences & Ecology

Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Physical Sciences

Science & Technology

Water Resources

Legionella

UV inactivation

viable but non-culturable (VBNC)

amoeba

resuscitation

activity assay

flow cytometry

Legionella pneumophila is an increasingly recognized threat to public health via aerosol exposures; with a variety of control measures including: water temperature/flow management and free chlorine used to reduce the risk of infection within healthcare centers. Despite these efforts, L. pneumophila often recolonizes plumbing systems after specific treatments, which prompted us to examine ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for a point-of-use, secondary control measure. Currently, there is no data on the efficacy of high (>254 nm) wavelength UV-C (100-280 nm) light inactivation of L. pneumophila with resuscitation of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells. We report for the first time L. pneumophila dose-responses for 268.6 nm and 288.6 nm UV-C, as compared to 256 nm, and demonstrate UV induced VBNC L. pneumophila remaining infectious to Acanthamoeba polyphaga during co-culture experiments. Findings were correlated to molecular-based activity assays to identify additional measures of L. pneumophila viability following UV disinfection compared to culture. A collection of viability markers may provide a more representative measure of risk compared to current culture-based detection, since UV-C irradiated L. pneumophila lose culturability, yet retain activity, increased ATP production, and the ability to be resuscitated by amoeba co-culture. This finding is significant as it identifies potential concern from VBNC cells following UV-C disinfection and the need for further research into the efficacy of UV inactivation as a point-of-use application for L. pneumophila control and management.

Details

Title: Searching for Activity Markers that Approximate (VBNC) Legionella pneumophila Infectivity in Amoeba after Ultraviolet (UV) Irradiation
Creators: Michael R. Grossi - University of Alberta
Rafik Dey - University of Alberta
Nicholas J. Ashbolt - University of Alberta
Publication Details: Water (Basel), Vol.10(9), 1219
Publisher: Mdpi
Number of pages: 10
Grant note: 34575 / Canadian Foundation for Innovation JEFL Grant Alberta Innovates GPIN-2017-04004 / Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Province of Alberta, Canada 201300490 / Alberta Innovates
Identifiers: 991013098098902368
Copyright: © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Academic Unit: Faculty of Science and Engineering
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

Searching for Activity Markers that Approximate (VBNC) Legionella pneumophila Infectivity in Amoeba after Ultraviolet (UV) Irradiation

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UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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