Journal article
Phosphorus speciation and bioavailability in diverse biochars
Plant and Soil, Vol.443(1), pp.233-244
10/2019
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Source: InCites
Abstract
Erosion of phosphorus (P)-rich soil into waterways is a major contributor to eutrophication. To minimize the build-up of P in agricultural soils, greater knowledge of the bioavailability and fate of P from soil amendments is required.We used X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy to resolve the major P species in nine diverse biochars. We then examined the relationship between biochar P extracted using a range of typical soil (water, Bray2 and Colwell) and plant (2% citric acid, and 2% formic acid) assays. We compared these with ryegrass P uptake via bioassay.Linear combination fitting indicated Al-phosphate (variscite) was the dominant P species in biochars derived from cattle feedlot manure, sugarcane trash and sugarcane bagasse, reflecting the likely Al content of the feedstock. Non-apatite Ca-phosphates (monocalcium phosphate or CaHPO4) were the major P species in poultry litter, green waste, papermill sludge, wheat chaff, sugarcane mill mud and rice husk biochars. Biochar P was poorly water soluble but largely soluble in weak acids (formic and citric acids). Despite this, biochar P extracted by citric and formic acid was a poor predictor of P bioavailability to ryegrass, with the percentage of total P extracted by water or by the Bray2 reagent providing the best prediction of ryegrass P uptake.The P in biochar was identified by XANES spectroscopy as predominantly Ca and/or Al-P. Water and Bray2 extraction provided the best predictors of plant available P from biochars in a plant bioassay.
Details
- Title
- Phosphorus speciation and bioavailability in diverse biochars
- Creators
- Terry J Rose - Southern Cross UniversityCassandra SchefeZhe Weng - La Trobe UniversityMichael Rose - New South Wales Department of Primary IndustriesLukas van Zwieten - Southern Cross UniversityLei Liu - Southern Cross UniversityAndrew Rose - Southern Cross University
- Publication Details
- Plant and Soil, Vol.443(1), pp.233-244
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing; Cham
- Identifiers
- 991012867900102368
- Academic Unit
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Centre for Organics Research; National Centre for Flood Research; School of Environment, Science and Engineering; Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry; Science; Engineering; Office of the Vice Chancellor
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article