Overview: Precipitation characteristics and sensitivities to environmental conditions during GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA

Luiz A. T. Machado; Alan J. P. Calheiros; Thiago Biscaro; Scott Giangrande; Maria A. F. Silva Dias; Micael A. Cecchini; Rachel Albrecht; Meinrat O. Andreae; Wagner F. Araujo; Paulo Artaxo; Stephan Borrmann; Ramon Braga; Casey Burleyson; Cristiano W. Eichholz; Jiwen Fan; Zhe Feng; Gilberto F. Fisch; Michael P. Jensen; Scot T. Martin; Ulrich Poeschl; Christopher Poehlker; Mira L. Poehlker; Jean-Francois Ribaud; Daniel Rosenfeld; Jaci M. B. Saraiva; Courtney Schumacher; Ryan Thalman; David Walter; Manfred Wendisch

doi:10.5194/acp-18-6461-2018

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Overview: Precipitation characteristics and sensitivities to environmental conditions during GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA

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Overview: Precipitation characteristics and sensitivities to environmental conditions during GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA

Luiz A. T. Machado, Alan J. P. Calheiros, Thiago Biscaro, Scott Giangrande, Maria A. F. Silva Dias, Micael A. Cecchini, Rachel Albrecht, Meinrat O. Andreae, Wagner F. Araujo, Paulo Artaxo, …

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Vol.18(9), pp.6461-6482

07/05/2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6461-2018

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This study provides an overview of precipitation processes and their sensitivities to environmental conditions in the Central Amazon Basin near Manaus during the GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA experiments. This study takes advantage of the numerous measurement platforms and instrument systems operating during both campaigns to sample cloud structure and environmental conditions during 2014 and 2015; the rainfall variability among seasons, aerosol loading, land surface type, and topography has been carefully characterized using these data. Differences between the wet and dry seasons were examined from a variety of perspectives. The rainfall rates distribution, total amount of rainfall, and raindrop size distribution (the mass-weighted mean diameter) were quantified over both seasons. The dry season generally exhibited higher rainfall rates than the wet season and included more intense rainfall periods. However, the cumulative rainfall during the wet season was 4 times greater than that during the total dry season rainfall, as shown in the total rainfall accumulation data. The typical size and life cycle of Amazon cloud clusters (observed by satellite) and rain cells (observed by radar) were examined, as were differences in these systems between the seasons. Moreover, monthly mean thermodynamic and dynamic variables were analysed using radiosondes to elucidate the differences in rainfall characteristics during the wet and dry seasons. The sensitivity of rainfall to atmospheric aerosol loading was discussed with regard to mass-weighted mean diameter and rain rate. This topic was evaluated only dur- ing the wet season due to the insignificant statistics of rainfall events for different aerosol loading ranges and the low frequency of precipitation events during the dry season. The impacts of aerosols on cloud droplet diameter varied based on droplet size. For the wet season, we observed no dependence between land surface type and rain rate. However, during the dry season, urban areas exhibited the largest rainfall rate tail distribution, and deforested regions exhibited the lowest mean rainfall rate. Airplane measurements were taken to characterize and contrast cloud microphysical properties and processes over forested and deforested regions. Vertical motion was not correlated with cloud droplet sizes, but cloud droplet concentration correlated linearly with vertical motion. Clouds over forested areas contained larger droplets than clouds over pastures at all altitudes. Finally, the connections between topography and rain rate were evaluated, with higher rainfall rates identified at higher elevations during the dry season.

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Title: Overview: Precipitation characteristics and sensitivities to environmental conditions during GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA
Creators: Luiz A. T. Machado - National Institute for Space Research
Alan J. P. Calheiros - National Institute for Space Research
Thiago Biscaro - National Institute for Space Research
Scott Giangrande - Brookhaven National Laboratory
Maria A. F. Silva Dias - Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geophys & Atmospher Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Micael A. Cecchini - Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
Rachel Albrecht - Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
Meinrat O. Andreae - Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
Wagner F. Araujo - Department of Space
Paulo Artaxo - Institute of Physics
Stephan Borrmann - Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
Ramon Braga - National Institute for Space Research
Casey Burleyson - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Cristiano W. Eichholz - National Institute for Space Research
Jiwen Fan - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Zhe Feng - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Gilberto F. Fisch - Department of Aerospace Science and Technology
Michael P. Jensen - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
Scot T. Martin - Harvard University Press
Ulrich Poeschl - Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
Christopher Poehlker - Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
Mira L. Poehlker - Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
Jean-Francois Ribaud - National Institute for Space Research
Daniel Rosenfeld - Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Jaci M. B. Saraiva - Amazon Protect Syst SIPAM, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
Courtney Schumacher - Texas A&M University
Ryan Thalman - Snow College
David Walter - Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
Manfred Wendisch - Leipzig University
Publication Details: Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Vol.18(9), pp.6461-6482
Publisher: Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh
Number of pages: 22
Grant note: Max Planck Society; Foundation CELLEX German Aerospace Centre (DLR); Helmholtz Association ASR programme 2009/15235-8; 2014/08615-7; 2015/14497-0 / FAPESP (Sao Paulo Research Foundation); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) 001030/2012-4; 001262/2012-2; 00254/2013-9 / Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) SPP 1294 / German Science Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG); German Research Foundation (DFG) 459546/2014-7 / CNPq; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) Climate Model Development and Validation programme - Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the US Department of Energy Office of Science Office of Biological and Environmental Research; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)
Identifiers: 991013093611102368
Academic Unit: Faculty of Science and Engineering
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

Overview: Precipitation characteristics and sensitivities to environmental conditions during GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA

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