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Off-line measurement of carbon stable isotopes of trisaccharides, disaccharides, glucose and fructose in honey samples
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Off-line measurement of carbon stable isotopes of trisaccharides, disaccharides, glucose and fructose in honey samples

Matheus C. Carvalho
Isotopes in environmental and health studies, Vol.62(2), pp.1-5
05/2026
PMID: 40987484
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Published (Version of record) Open CC BY V4.0

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Abstract

Carbohydrates elemental analysis honey liquid chromatography stable isotopes
Online liquid chromatography (LC) followed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is a trusted technique to detect honey adulteration based on the stable carbon isotope composition ( δC-13) of trisaccharides, disaccharides, glucose and fructose. However, LC-IRMS demands specialised analytical setups not commonly found in most isotope labs. Here we investigate the use of off-line LC followed by elemental analysis (EA)-IRMS as an alternative employing more commonly available instruments. Precision and accuracy were excellent for fructose and glucose (error < 0.1 mUr), but less so for disaccharides and trisaccharides, which are similar results to online LC-IRMS. Therefore, offline LC-EA-IRMS can be a viable alternative for the analysis of honey purity employing stable carbon isotopes.

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