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Nuances of floral mimicry in Queen of Sheba orchids
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Nuances of floral mimicry in Queen of Sheba orchids

Daniela Scaccabarozzi, Gavin R Flematti, Mark Brundrett, Mario Vallejo-Marín, Klaus Lunau, Monica Gagliano, Emiliano Pioltelli, Terry Houston, Andrea Aromatisi and Nina Sletvold
Annals of Botany, Vol.First online, pp.1-43
10/06/2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf119
PMID: 40491088
Appears in  Recent Faculty of Science and Engineering Publications

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Abstract

Adaptive resemblance Batesian mimicry buzz-pollination floral colour and scent generalized food deception magnet and model species plant fitness plant-pollinator interaction pollinator behaviour Queen of Sheba orchids Thelymitra variegata vulnerable species
Background and Aims: Floral deception can range from finely tuned mimicry of specific rewarding plants (Batesian mimicry) to a general resemblance of the rewarding community (generalised food deception). We focused on two species in the deceptive Thelymitra variegata complex (Queen of Sheba orchids) to examine whether pollination is consistent with generalised food deception or with specific mimicry of co-flowering buzz-pollinated tinsel lilies (Calectasia spp.). Methods: We assessed i) overlap in flower colour and scent between orchids, tinsel lilies, and other flowers in the rewarding community, ii) pollinator sharing between orchids, tinsel lilies and other species, and ii) quantified orchid reproductive success in relation to abundance of tinsel lilies and other rewarding species. Key Results: We found that T. speciosa matches flower colour and scent of its co-flowering tinsel lily, C. gracilis, while T. porphyrosticta partly overlaps with co-flowering C. demarzii in both traits. The orchids and tinsel lilies shared flower visitors, and the only visitor observed to transfer orchid pollen was Anthoglossa plumata bees (Colletidae) that displayed a behaviour associated with buzz pollination. This species was also observed to buzz-pollinate tinsel lilies. In T. speciosa, fruit production increased with abundance of both tinsel lilies and other rewarding species with similar flower colour, suggesting a combination of mimicry and magnet effects. However, relationships were driven by a single population. There was no association between rewarding community and reproductive success in T. porphyrosticta. Conclusions: The results are partly consistent with mimicry towards the co-flowering tinsel lily for both orchids. Specific mimicry is strongly supported by a close resemblance involving multiple floral traits, and by bee behaviour associated with the buzz-pollinated model. However, this contrasts with the lack of consistent effects of tinsel lily abundance on orchid reproductive success. The findings further suggest that shared floral scent may reinforce visual similarity and highlight that scent may be important in food mimicry systems. Overall, the T. variegata complex offers an interesting system for studying the evolution of mimicry, in particular regarding the contribution of visual and olfactory signals in food mimicry systems.

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