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Mycotoxin contamination in organic and conventional cereal grain and products: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Mycotoxin contamination in organic and conventional cereal grain and products: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Juan Wang, Enas Khalid Sufar, Aksel Bernhoft, Chris Seal, Leonidas Rempelos, Gultekin Hasanaliyeva, Bingqiang Zhao, Per Ole Iversen, Marcin Baranski, Nikolaos Volakakis, …
Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety, Vol.23(3), e13363
05/2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.13363
PMID: 38720588
Appears in  Recent Faculty of Science and Engineering Publications
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Abstract

aflatoxins agronomic practices beauvericin deoxynivalenol enniatin fumonisin ochratoxin A post-harvest management quality assurance T-2/HT-2 zearalenone
There is still considerable controversy about the relative risk of mycotoxin exposure associated with the consumption of organic and conventional cereals. Using validated protocols, we carried out a systematic literature review and meta-analyses of data on the incidence and concentrations of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium, Claviceps, Penicillium, and Aspergillus species in organic and conventional cereal grains/products. The standard weighted meta-analysis of concentration data detected a significant effect of production system (organic vs. conventional) only for the Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol, with concentrations ∼50% higher in conventional than organic cereal grains/products (p < 0.0001). Weighted meta-analyses of incidence data and unweighted meta-analyses of concentration data also detected small, but significant effects of production system on the incidence and/or concentrations of T-2/HT-2 toxins, zearalenone, enniatin, beauvericin, ochratoxin A (OTA), and aflatoxins. Multilevel meta-analyses identified climatic conditions, cereal species, study type, and analytical methods used as important confounding factors for the effects of production system. Overall, results from this study suggest that (i) Fusarium mycotoxin contamination decreased between the 1990s and 2020, (ii) contamination levels are similar in organic and conventional cereals used for human consumption, and (iii) maintaining OTA concentrations below the maximum contamination levels (3.0 μg/kg) set by the EU remains a major challenge.

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