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Molybdenum-substituted CaMgSi2O6 bioceramics with composition-dependent mechanical strength and enhanced osteogenic potential for bone tissue engineering
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Molybdenum-substituted CaMgSi2O6 bioceramics with composition-dependent mechanical strength and enhanced osteogenic potential for bone tissue engineering

Wen-Fan Chen, Yu-Man Chang, Chia-Lin Chen, Guan-Xiang Liao, Dorian Amir Henry Hanaor and Yu-Sheng Tseng
Ceramics international, Vol.51(27), pp.53953-53965
11/2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.09.137
Appears in  Recent Faculty of Science and Engineering Publications

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Abstract

Bioactivity Calcium silicate Hydroxyapatite formation MC3T3-E1 cells MoO3
This study investigates the effects of molybdenum (Mo) substitution for calcium (Ca) in CaMgSi2O6 bioceramics on their structural, mechanical, and osteogenic properties. Ca(1-x)MoxMgSi2O6 bioceramics (x = 0.00–0.75) were synthesized via a precipitation method, sintered at 1000 °C for 4 h, and subsequently evaluated for their phase composition, mechanical hardness, degradation behavior, and bioactivity. The x = 0.25 sample exhibited optimal performance, with enhanced mechanical strength, reduced porosity, and moderate biodegradability (0.8 %), owing to the formation of reinforcing CaMoO4. It also supported favorable hydroxyapatite deposition and showed superior biological outcomes. Both x = 0.25 and x = 0.50 samples significantly promoted MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, as indicated by MTT, ALP, and ARS assays. In contrast, excessive Mo (x = 0.75) led to MgMoO4 formation, rapid degradation, and cytotoxic Mo ion release, impairing biofunctionality. These findings demonstrate that controlled Mo incorporation can effectively tailor bioceramic performance, with x = 0.25 offering the most promising profile for load-bearing bone regeneration.

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