Mangrove sediments reveal records of development during the previous century (Coffs Creek estuary, Australia)

A mangrove sediment core was studied to evaluate possible pollution of an urban estuary in Coffs Harbour, Australia. The heavy metal and nutrient profiles revealed a ~ 2.5-fold enrichment in more recent sediments. Lead-210 dating showed increasing phosphorous (P) and copper (Cu) accumulation following agricultural activity and population growth in the catchment after 1950. In contrast, nitrogen (N) did not show enrichment suggesting no external sources. Mercury (Hg) depositional fluxes and recent enrichment may be associated to an increase in fossil fuel emissions in the region. Down-core lead (Pb) profiles reflect an increase in leaded gasoline in the 1950s, then a decrease as a result of phasing out leaded gasoline in 1986. The heavy metal and nutrient depositional fluxes are well preserved in mangrove sediments and were related to historical events in the catchment.