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Managing commercial tourism for conservation and sustainable use: Policy instrument interactions in Cape Byron Marine Park, Australia
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Managing commercial tourism for conservation and sustainable use: Policy instrument interactions in Cape Byron Marine Park, Australia

Marisha Ewart, Pascal Scherrer and Kay Dimmock
Marine policy, Vol.166, 106233
08/2024
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Published (Version of record) Open Access CC BY V4.0
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Published (Version of record) Open CC BY V4.0

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Abstract

Commercial tourism Marine protected areas Policy instrument mix Policy instruments Sustainable tourism
The menu of policy instruments available to marine protected area management agencies is diverse. There are calls for more effective bundling to achieve policy goals. This study seeks to understand the interactive effects of marine protected area policy instruments applied in combination to commercial tourism operators. Using the Persuade-Enable-Constrain framework, we undertook a qualitative case study at Cape Byron Marine Park. Based on semi-structured interviews with management agencies (n=3) and tourism operators (n=12), we assessed the interactions between policy instruments and tourism operator behaviour. We found that the policy instrument mix primarily relied on the permit system, and there were limited persuasive, enabling, and constraining effects. This case study demonstrates that policy instrument mixes relying on single instruments have limited prospects for shaping tourism operator behaviour with the marine protected area goals of biodiversity conservation and sustainable economic use and are inadequate for high tourism marine protected areas. Key issues and management recommendations are discussed. The study provides evidence of ‘real world’ examples of policy instrument mixes and practical implications. The findings have practical relevance to planners, policy-makers, and marine protected area managers for future instrument mixes to more effectively achieve policy goals.

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