Journal article
Local uses of Aristolochia species and content of nephrotoxic aristolochic acid 1 and 2-A global assessment based on bibliographic sources
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol.125(1), pp.108-144
2009
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Abstract
<p><h4 id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-absSec_N3faf8038N3e551c48">Aims of the study</h4> <p id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-">More than 100 cases of nephropathy over the last 10 years caused by the systemic and longer term application of Chinese snakeroot (<em>Aristolochia fangchi</em>) highlighted the risk of using preparations which contain aristolochic acids. On the other hand anecdotal evidence highlights the widespread use of <em>Aristolochia</em> species (Aristolochiaceae) in many regions of the world. Therefore, it was our objective to systematically assess the scientific literature available on the local and traditional use of <em>Aristolochia</em> spp. on a worldwide scale. Our review identifies core species which need to be investigated and which may need monitoring (esp. in national and international trade). <h4 id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-absSec_N3faf8038N3e551d38">Methods</h4> <p id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-">An extensive review of the literature available in libraries in London on the uses of species of <em>Aristolochia</em> was undertaken. Relevant information was extracted and entered into a database for analysis. <h4 id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-absSec_N3faf8038N3e551dc8">Results</h4> <p id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-">Based on the assessment of 566 reference sources 685 individual sets of data were recorded. Seven species – <em>Aristolochia indica</em> L. (Asia), <em>Aristolochia serpentaria</em> L. (North America), <em>Aristolochia debilis</em> Sieb & Zucch. (China), <em>Aristolochia acuminata</em> Lam (India), <em>Aristolochia trilobata</em> L. (Central/South America, Caribbean), <em>Aristolochia clematitis</em> L. (Europe) and <em>Aristolochia bracteolata</em> Lam. (Africa) – are reported widely as being used medicinally. The medical uses vary, but of particular interest are uses in case of gastrointestinal problems, which is likely to result in repeated exposure to the botanical drugs by an individual. About half of all records relate to uses of <em>Aristolochia</em> species in Asia, one-third to the Americas, a continent which has so far received practically no attention in terms of assessing the risk of using species of <em>Aristolochia</em>. Of the 99 species (plus several identified at genus level only) for which we were able to summarise ethnobotanical information, preliminary phytochemical information is only available for 24 species and some of the most common ones including <em>Aristolochia acuminata</em> have so far not been studied phytochemically. <h4 id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-absSec_N3faf8038N3e552008">Conclusions</h4> <p id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-">Species of <em>Aristolochia</em> are used medicinally in many regions of the world and both from an ethnopharmacological and a public health perspective this poses a risk. A systematic assessment of the content of aristolochic acids in the most widely used species is needed to evaluate whether their uses pose a potential health risk. In China and Europe species of <em>Aristolochia</em> have been associated with nephropathy and it is important to evaluate whether nephropathy occurs in other parts of the world, especially India and Central America where the use of species of <em>Aristolochia</em> are reported to be commonly used in traditional medicine.</p>
Details
- Title
- Local uses of Aristolochia species and content of nephrotoxic aristolochic acid 1 and 2-A global assessment based on bibliographic sources
- Creators
- Michael Heinrich - University LondonJennfier Chan - University LondonStefan Wanke - Universität DresdenChristoph Neinhuis - Technische Universität Dresden, GermanyMonique SJ Simmonds - University London
- Publication Details
- Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol.125(1), pp.108-144
- Identifiers
- 1219; 991012820452402368
- Academic Unit
- Southern Cross Plant Science
- Resource Type
- Journal article