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Is sulfoxafor a safe alternative to neonicotinoids for Apis mellifera? A systematic review
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Is sulfoxafor a safe alternative to neonicotinoids for Apis mellifera? A systematic review

Guilherme Duarte Figueiredo de Souza, Isabella Lippi, Iloran do Rosário Corrêa Moreira, Suelen Matos da Silva, Jaine da Luz Scheffer, Aline Astolfi, Renato Agostinho Arrud and Ricardo de Oliveira Orsi
Apidologie, Vol.56(2), pp.1-17
09/04/2025

Metrics

UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This output has contributed to the advancement of the following goals:

#3 Good Health and Well-Being
#15 Life on Land

Source: SDGs from InCites

Abstract

honey bee sulfoxafor effects gene expression ecotoxicology Review
Despite their importance to the ecosystem, global food production, and the beekeeping industry, honey bees are systematically threatened by multiple factors. Industrial agriculture plays an important role in such a process challenging both managed and wild bees. While the impacts of various insecticide classes on bees are well-documented, neonicotinoids are closely associated with colony losses, prompting their ban in several countries. Sulfoxafor, a sulfoximine-based insecticide, has been proposed as a replacement for neonicotinoids like imidacloprid, targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) through a distinct binding mechanism and allegedly posing lower risks to birds, mammals, and humans. This review systematically assesses sulfoxafor’s effects on Apis mellifera, utilizing data from PubMed, Web of Science, Jstor, Scopus, Google Scholar, CORE, and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) for studies published between 2019 and 2024. Nineteen studies were selected, excluding research on non-Apis bees or combined formulations. Findings revealed diverse sublethal impacts on honey bees, including metabolic, morphological, behavioral, and gene expression alterations. Even though sulfoxafor is less toxic than neonicotinoids, it cannot be deemed a safe alternative for honey bees, especially once that many effects have been reported in both classes of pesticides.

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