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Induction of larval metamorphosis of the coral Acropora millepora by tetrabromopyrrole isolated from a Pseudoalteromonas bacterium
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Journal article
Induction of larval metamorphosis of the coral Acropora millepora by tetrabromopyrrole isolated from a Pseudoalteromonas bacterium
PloS one, Vol.6(4), pp.e19082-e19082
29/04/2011
PMCID: PMC3084748
PMID: 21559509
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Source: InCites
Abstract
The induction of larval attachment and metamorphosis of benthic marine invertebrates is widely considered to rely on habitat specific cues. While microbial biofilms on marine hard substrates have received considerable attention as specific signals for a wide and phylogenetically diverse array of marine invertebrates, the presumed chemical settlement signals produced by the bacteria have to date not been characterized. Here we isolated and fully characterized the first chemical signal from bacteria that induced larval metamorphosis of acroporid coral larvae (Acropora millepora). The metamorphic cue was identified as tetrabromopyrrole (TBP) in four bacterial Pseudoalteromonas strains among a culture library of 225 isolates obtained from the crustose coralline algae Neogoniolithon fosliei and Hydrolithon onkodes. Coral planulae transformed into fully developed polyps within 6 h, but only a small proportion of these polyps attached to the substratum. The biofilm cell density of the four bacterial strains had no influence on the ratio of attached vs. non-attached polyps. Larval bioassays with ethanolic extracts of the bacterial isolates, as well as synthetic TBP resulted in consistent responses of coral planulae to various doses of TBP. The lowest bacterial density of one of the Pseudoalteromonas strains which induced metamorphosis was 7,000 cells mm(-2) in laboratory assays, which is on the order of 0.1-1% of the total numbers of bacteria typically found on such surfaces. These results, in which an actual cue from bacteria has been characterized for the first time, contribute significantly towards understanding the complex process of acroporid coral larval settlement mediated through epibiotic microbial biofilms on crustose coralline algae.
Details
- Title
- Induction of larval metamorphosis of the coral Acropora millepora by tetrabromopyrrole isolated from a Pseudoalteromonas bacterium
- Creators
- Jan Tebben (Author) - University of New South WalesDianne M Tapiolas (Author) - Australian Institute of Marine ScienceCherie A Motti (Author) - Australian Institute of Marine ScienceDavid Abrego (Author) - Australian Institute of Marine ScienceAndrew P Negri (Author) - Australian Institute of Marine ScienceLinda L Blackall (Author) - Australian Institute of Marine SciencePeter D Steinberg (Author) - University of New South WalesTilmann Harder (Author) - University of New South Wales
- Publication Details
- PloS one, Vol.6(4), pp.e19082-e19082
- Identifiers
- 991012888599002368
- Copyright
- Copyright: © 2011 Tebben, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
- Academic Unit
- National Marine Science Centre
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article