Journal article
Gigantic chloroplasts, including bizonoplasts, are common in shade-adapted species of the ancient vascular plant family Selaginellaceae
American Journal of Botany, Vol.107(4), pp.562-576
04/2020
PMID: 32227348
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Source: InCites
Abstract
Premise: Unique among vascular plants, some species of Selaginella have single giant chloroplasts in their epidermal or upper mesophyll cells (monoplastidy, M), varying in structure between species. Structural variants include several forms of bizonoplast with unique dimorphic ultrastructure. Better understanding of these structural variants, their prevalence, environmental correlates and phylogenetic association, has the potential to shed new light on chloroplast biology unavailable from any other plant group.
Methods: The chloroplast ultrastructure of 76 Selaginella species was studied with various microscopic techniques. Environmental data for selected species and subgeneric relationships were compared against chloroplast traits.
Results: We delineated five chloroplast categories: ME (monoplastidy in a dorsal epidermal cell), MM (monoplastidy in a mesophyll cell), OL (oligoplastidy), Mu (multiplastidy, present in the most basal species), and RC (reduced or vestigial chloroplasts). Of 44 ME species, 11 have bizonoplasts, cup-shaped (concave upper zone) or bilobed (basal hinge, a new discovery), with upper zones of parallel thylakoid membranes varying subtly between species. Monoplastidy, found in 49 species, is strongly shade associated. Bizonoplasts are only known in deep-shade species (<2.1% full sunlight) of subgenus Stachygynandrum but in both the Old and New Worlds.
Conclusions: Multiplastidic chloroplasts are most likely basal, implying that monoplastidy and bizonoplasts are derived traits, with monoplastidy evolving at least twice, potentially as an adaptation to low light. Although there is insufficient information to understand the adaptive significance of the numerous structural variants, they are unmatched in the vascular plants, suggesting unusual evolutionary flexibility in this ancient plant genus.
Details
- Title
- Gigantic chloroplasts, including bizonoplasts, are common in shade-adapted species of the ancient vascular plant family Selaginellaceae
- Creators
- Jian-Wei Liu - National Chung Hsing UniversityShau-Fu Li - National Chung Hsing UniversityChin-Ting Wu - National Chiayi UniversityIván A Valdespino - Universidad de PanamáJia-Fang Ho - National Chung Hsing UniversityYeh-Hua Wu - National Chung Hsing UniversityHo-Ming Chang - Endemic Species Research Institute, Jiji Town, TaiwanTe-Yu Guu - National Chung Hsing UniversityMei-Fang Kao - National Taiwan UniversityClive Chesson - 6 Barker Way, Valley View, S.A., AustraliaSauren Das - Indian Statistical InstituteHank Oppenheimer - Maui Nui Plant Extinction Prevention Program, Maui, USAAne Bakutis - Molokai Plant Extinction Prevention Program, Molokai, USAPeter Saenger - Southern Cross UniversityNoris Salazar Allen - Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteJean W H Yong - Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBayu Adjie - Bali Botanic Garden, IndonesiaRuth Kiew - Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, MalaysiaNalini Nadkarni - University of UtahChun-Lin Huang - National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, TaiwanPeter Chesson - National Chung Hsing UniversityChiou-Rong Sheue - National Chung Hsing University
- Publication Details
- American Journal of Botany, Vol.107(4), pp.562-576
- Publisher
- John Wiley & Sons Ltd.; United States
- Grant note
- University of Bristol Academia Sinica Precision Instruments Center National Chung Hsing University Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan. Grant Numbers: MOST-101-2621-B-005-002-MY3, MOST 104-2621-B-005-002-MY3, MOST 107-2621-B-005-001
- Identifiers
- 991012925479702368
- Copyright
- © 2020 Botanical Society of America
- Academic Unit
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Office of the Vice Chancellor; School of Environment, Science and Engineering
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article