Feed Composition Differences Resulting from Organic and Conventional Farming Practices Affect Physiological Parameters in Wistar Rats-Results from a Factorial, Two-Generation Dietary Intervention Trial

Marcin Barański; Dominika Średnicka-Tober; Leonidas Rempelos; Gultakin Hasanaliyeva; Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska; Krystyna Skwarło-Sońta; Tomasz Królikowski; Ewa Rembiałkowska; Jana Hajslova; Vera Schulzova; Ismail Cakmak; Levent Ozturk; Ewelina Hallmann; Chris Seal; Per Ole Iversen; Vanessa Vigar; Carlo Leifert

doi:10.3390/nu13020377

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Feed Composition Differences Resulting from Organic and Conventional Farming Practices Affect Physiological Parameters in Wistar Rats-Results from a Factorial, Two-Generation Dietary Intervention Trial

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Feed Composition Differences Resulting from Organic and Conventional Farming Practices Affect Physiological Parameters in Wistar Rats-Results from a Factorial, Two-Generation Dietary Intervention Trial

Marcin Barański, Dominika Średnicka-Tober, Leonidas Rempelos, Gultakin Hasanaliyeva, Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska, Krystyna Skwarło-Sońta, Tomasz Królikowski, Ewa Rembiałkowska, Jana Hajslova, Vera Schulzova, …

Nutrients, Vol.13(2), p.377

26/01/2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020377

PMID: 33530419

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Abstract

conventional feed

immune system responsiveness

pesticides

hormonal balance

organic feed

cadmium

rat physiology

mineral fertilizer

Recent human cohort studies reported positive associations between organic food consumption and a lower incidence of obesity, cancer, and several other diseases. However, there are very few animal and human dietary intervention studies that provide supporting evidence or a mechanistic understanding of these associations. Here we report results from a two-generation, dietary intervention study with male Wistar rats to identify the effects of feeds made from organic and conventional crops on growth, hormonal, and immune system parameters that are known to affect the risk of a number of chronic, non-communicable diseases in animals and humans. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to separate the effects of contrasting crop protection methods (use or non-use of synthetic chemical pesticides) and fertilizers (mineral nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizers vs. manure use) applied in conventional and organic crop production. Conventional, pesticide-based crop protection resulted in significantly lower fiber, polyphenol, flavonoid, and lutein, but higher lipid, aldicarb, and diquat concentrations in animal feeds. Conventional, mineral NPK-based fertilization resulted in significantly lower polyphenol, but higher cadmium and protein concentrations in feeds. Feed composition differences resulting from the use of pesticides and/or mineral NPK-fertilizer had a significant effect on feed intake, weight gain, plasma hormone, and immunoglobulin concentrations, and lymphocyte proliferation in both generations of rats and in the second generation also on the body weight at weaning. Results suggest that relatively small changes in dietary intakes of (a) protein, lipids, and fiber, (b) toxic and/or endocrine-disrupting pesticides and metals, and (c) polyphenols and other antioxidants (resulting from pesticide and/or mineral NPK-fertilizer use) had complex and often interactive effects on endocrine, immune systems and growth parameters in rats. However, the physiological responses to contrasting feed composition/intake profiles differed substantially between the first and second generations of rats. This may indicate epigenetic programming and/or the generation of "adaptive" phenotypes and should be investigated further.

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Title: Feed Composition Differences Resulting from Organic and Conventional Farming Practices Affect Physiological Parameters in Wistar Rats-Results from a Factorial, Two-Generation Dietary Intervention Trial
Creators: Marcin Barański (Author) - Newcastle University
Dominika Średnicka-Tober (Author) - Newcastle University
Leonidas Rempelos (Author) - Newcastle University
Gultakin Hasanaliyeva (Author) - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska (Author) - Warsaw University of Life Sciences
Krystyna Skwarło-Sońta (Author) - University of Warsaw
Tomasz Królikowski (Author) - Warsaw University of Life Sciences
Ewa Rembiałkowska (Author) - Warsaw University of Life Sciences
Jana Hajslova (Author) - University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague
Vera Schulzova (Author) - University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague
Ismail Cakmak (Author) - Sabanci University
Levent Ozturk (Author) - Sabanci University
Ewelina Hallmann (Author) - Warsaw University of Life Sciences
Chris Seal (Author) - Newcastle University
Per Ole Iversen (Author) - Oslo University Hospital
Vanessa Vigar (Author) - Southern Cross University
Carlo Leifert (Author) - Southern Cross University
Publication Details: Nutrients, Vol.13(2), p.377
Publisher: MDPI AG; Switzerland
Grant note: 6046137305 / Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic 506358 / Sixth Framework Programme no grant number / Sheepdrove Trust
Identifiers: 991012922198202368
Copyright: Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Academic Unit: National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine; Southern Cross Plant Science; Faculty of Science and Engineering
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

Feed Composition Differences Resulting from Organic and Conventional Farming Practices Affect Physiological Parameters in Wistar Rats-Results from a Factorial, Two-Generation Dietary Intervention Trial

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