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Feasibility of IMU-Based Wearable Sonification: Toward Personalized, Real-Time Gait Monitoring and Rehabilitation
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Feasibility of IMU-Based Wearable Sonification: Toward Personalized, Real-Time Gait Monitoring and Rehabilitation

Toh Yen Pang, Chi-Tsun Cheng, Frank Feltham, Azizur Rahman, Luke McCarney and Carolina Quintero Rodriguez
Biosensors, Vol.15(10), pp.1-21
15/10/2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15100698
PMID: 41149350
Appears in  Recent Faculty of Health Publications
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Abstract

biofeedback user-centered design biomechanics neurorehabilitation digital biomarkers
Wearable auditory feedback systems have demonstrated potential to support gait rehabilitation, yet user experience and engagement remain underexplored. This feasibility study investigated the usability and perceptions of an IMU-based (WT901BLECL, WitMotion) sonification system designed to deliver real-time gait feedback. Twenty healthy participants walked on a treadmill at two speeds under three conditions: no feedback, discrete bass tones, and continuous whoosh tones. The proposed system, with an IMU sensor embedded in a flexible garment, combined real-time gait analysis with auditory cues. Participants reported high levels of comfort, with most (90%) indicating that they had a positive overall experience. Discrete bass tones enhanced awareness of specific gait phases, particularly heel strike and initial contact, whereas continuous whoosh sounds extended awareness to the trunk and hips but were occasionally perceived as distracting. Motivation effects were mixed, and no significant correlations were found between subjective ratings and biomechanical measures, reflecting individual variability in auditory cue interpretation. These results emphasized the role of sound modality in influencing gait perception and highlighted the importance of user-centered design in wearable rehabilitation technologies. The study provides foundational evidence for refining personalized auditory feedback systems and supports future investigations with clinical populations, such as stroke survivors and individuals with Parkinson's Disease.

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