Evolution of Overall Cotton Production and Its Determinants: Implications for Developing Countries Using Pakistan Case

Muhammad Umer Arshad; Yuanfeng Zhao; Omer Hanif; Faiza Fatima

doi:10.3390/su14020840

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Evolution of Overall Cotton Production and Its Determinants: Implications for Developing Countries Using Pakistan Case

Journal article

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Evolution of Overall Cotton Production and Its Determinants: Implications for Developing Countries Using Pakistan Case

Muhammad Umer Arshad, Yuanfeng Zhao, Omer Hanif and Faiza Fatima

Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland), Vol.14(2), 840

12/01/2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020840

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Abstract

crop production inefficiencies

stochastic frontier approach

total factor productivity

non-food crop

developing countries

Managing the declining yield of non-food crops has opened new strategic challenges amidst global uncertainties. The COVID-19 scenario has increased awareness of natural lifestyle and eco-friendly products, largely dependent on non-food crop material. This strategic shift requires moving beyond traditional farm practices to improve agricultural production efficiency, and developing countries in particular have shown a consistent loss in their self-sufficiency of industrial crops despite being major exporters of non-food crop materials. However, existing studies analyze production efficiencies of non-food crops from general or theoretical aspects often by virtual estimates from breaking down the multiple factors of crop productivity. This study examined multiple factors of crop production to identify "which crop inputs have been inefficiently used overtime" by tracking efficiency changes and various input issues in overall cotton production from practical aspects, i.e., scaling non-constant returns of those multiple factors would allow for the violation of various situations. Accordingly, a stochastic frontier approach was employed to measure the production frontier and efficiency relationship using time-series data of Pakistan's cotton production from 1971-2018-a specific non-food crop perspective from a top-ranked cotton-producing country that has recently been shifted towards being a non-exporter of cotton due to low yield. The coefficient of area, seed, and labor indicates the positive relationship with cotton production, while fertilizer, irrigation, electricity, and machinery are statistically negative. This implies that policymakers need priority-based strategies for the judicial use of synthetic fertilizers, irrigation, a subsidy policy, and technology adoption, which could significantly improve the efficiencies of cotton productivity from the same land resources. Being adaptable to other developing economies, the analysis would strategically facilitate designing and developing affordable technology-driven solutions and their customized extensions towards sustainable non-food crop production practices and Agri-Resources efficiencies.

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Title: Evolution of Overall Cotton Production and Its Determinants: Implications for Developing Countries Using Pakistan Case
Creators: Muhammad Umer Arshad - Inner Mongolia Honder College of Arts and Sciences
Yuanfeng Zhao - Inner Mongolia Honder College of Arts and Sciences
Omer Hanif - Southern Cross University
Faiza Fatima - University of Agriculture Faisalabad
Publication Details: Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland), Vol.14(2), 840
Publisher: Mdpi
Number of pages: 17
Grant note: 2018ZGH006; 2018ZDA004 / Major social science projects of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region China
Identifiers: 991013120911202368
Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Academic Unit: Faculty of Business, Law and Arts
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

Evolution of Overall Cotton Production and Its Determinants: Implications for Developing Countries Using Pakistan Case

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