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Published (Version of record)CC BY V4.0, Open Access
Published (Version of record)CC BY V4.0, Open
Journal article
Equine Transport and Changes in Equid Herpesvirus' Status
Frontiers in veterinary science, Vol.5, pp.1-10
25/09/2018
PMCID: PMC6167981
PMID: 30320126
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Source: InCites
Abstract
The risk of respiratory disease in the transported horse can increase as a consequence of immunosuppression and stress associated primarily with opportunistic bacterial proliferation and viral reactivation. This study examines the ecology of equid herpesviruses (EHV) in these horses, exploring reactivation and changes in infection and shedding associated with transport, and any potential contributions to transport-related respiratory disease. Twelve horses were subjected to an 8-h road-transport event. Antibodies to EHV-1 and EHV-4 were detected by ELISA in serum collected prior to, immediately after and 2 weeks post transport. Respiratory tract endoscopy and tracheal washes were collected prior to and 5 days after transportation. Nasal swabs collected prior to, immediately after, 1 and 5 days following transport were screened for EHV-1,-2,-4,-5 using qPCR. Six horses had persistent neutrophilic airway infiltrates post transportation, indicative of subclinical respiratory disease. No horses were qPCR positive for either of the alphaherpesviruses (i.e., EHV-1/-4) nor did any seroconvert to either virus. Four out of nine horses positive for either EHV-2 or EHV-5 on qPCR prior to transport developed neutrophilic airway inflammation. Five horses showed increasingly positive readings on qPCR (i.e., reduced Cq) for EHV-2 after transportation and seven out of eleven horses positive for EHV-2 after transport shared strains of high sequence similarity with other horses in the study. One EHV-2 virus detected in one horse after transport was genetically different which may be due to reactivation. The clinical significance of EHV-2 and EHV-5 remains in question. However these results indicate that transportation may lead to increased shedding, transmission and reactivation of EHV-2 and EHV-5 but not EHV-1/-4. Unlike previous work focusing on the role of alphaherpesviruses, this research suggests that investigation of the gammaherpesviruses (i.e., EHV-2/-5) in transport-related disease should not be dismissed, particularly given that these viruses can encode suppressive immunomodulators that may affect host health.
Details
- Title
- Equine Transport and Changes in Equid Herpesvirus' Status
- Creators
- Katharine E. Muscat - University of SydneyBarbara Padalino - University of SydneyCarol A. Hartley - University of MelbourneNino Ficorilli - University of MelbournePietro Celi - Reckitt BenckiserPeter Knight - University of SydneySharanne Raidal - Charles Sturt UniversityJames R. Gilkerson - University of MelbourneGary Muscatello - University of Sydney
- Publication Details
- Frontiers in veterinary science, Vol.5, pp.1-10
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media S.A.
- Grant note
- Funding provided through International Post Graduate Research Scholarships (IPRS) and an internal grant from faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney.
- Identifiers
- 991013293554402368
- Copyright
- © 2018 Muscat, Padalino, Hartley, Ficorilli, Celi, Knight, Raidal, Gilkerson and Muscatello. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
- Academic Unit
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Veterinary Science
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article