Journal article
Determination of the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of L-glutamine and L-alanine, or dipeptide, supplementation in rats submitted to resistance exercise
British Journal of Nutrition , Vol.116(3), pp.470-479
14/08/2016
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Abstract
We evaluated the effects of chronic oral supplementation with L-glutamine and L-alanine in their free form or as the dipeptide L-alanyl-L-glutamine (DIP) on muscle damage, inflammation and cytoprotection, in rats submitted to progressive resistance exercise (RE). Wistar rats (n 8/group) were submitted to 8-week RE, which consisted of climbing a ladder with progressive loads. In the final 21 d before euthanasia, supplements were delivered in a 4 % solution in drinking water. Glutamine, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), TNF-α, specific IL (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were evaluated in plasma. The concentrations of glutamine, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10, as well as NF-κB activation, were determined in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) skeletal muscle. HSP70 level was assayed in EDL and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). RE reduced glutamine concentration in plasma and EDL (P < 0·05 v. sedentary group). However, L-glutamine supplements (L-alanine plus L-glutamine (GLN + ALA) and DIP groups) restored glutamine levels in plasma (by 40 and 58 %, respectively) and muscle (by 93 and 105 %, respectively). GLN + ALA and DIP groups also exhibited increased level of HSP70 in EDL and PBMC, consistent with the reduction of NF-κB p65 activation and cytokines in EDL. Muscle protection was also indicated by attenuation in plasma levels of CK, LDH, TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as an increase in IL-6, IL-10 and MCP-1. Our study demonstrates that chronic oral L-glutamine treatment (given with L-alanine or as dipeptide) following progressive RE induces cyprotective effects mediated by HSP70-associated responses to muscle damage and inflammation.
Details
- Title
- Determination of the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of L-glutamine and L-alanine, or dipeptide, supplementation in rats submitted to resistance exercise
- Creators
- Raquel Raizel - Universidade de São PauloJaqueline Santos Moreira Leite - Universidade de São PauloThaís Menezes Hypólito - Universidade de São PauloAudrey Yule Coqueiro - University of São PauloPhilip Newsholme - Curtin UniversityVinicius Cruzat - Curtin UniversityJulio Tirapegui - Universidade de São Paulo
- Publication Details
- British Journal of Nutrition , Vol.116(3), pp.470-479
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Grant note
- This work was supported by the São Paulo State Foundation for Research (FAPESP, no. 2012/21087-4 and V. F. C. 2015/00446-4), the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (R. R. sandwich doctorate scholarship, no. 233505/ 2014-8) and the Higher Education and Training Coordination (CAPES).
- Identifiers
- 991013071411802368
- Copyright
- © The Authors 2016
- Academic Unit
- Faculty of Health
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article