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Cryptic biodiversity inhabiting coral reef sponges
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Cryptic biodiversity inhabiting coral reef sponges

Anita George, Dave Abdo, Muhammad Abdul Wahab, Merrick Ekins, John N.A Hooper and Steve Whalan
Marine ecology (Berlin, West), Vol.44(2), e12747
04/2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12747

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Abstract

Arthropoda Arthropods Barrier reefs Biodiversity Biota Cerapachys singaporensis Coral reefs Diurnal Echinodermata Foraminifera Fringing reefs Marine invertebrates Mollusca Mollusks Sponges Taxa Coral reef diversity Ecological roles Endobionts Endofauna Epibionts Porifera
Sponges host a wide range of cryptic biodiversity both internally and externally. This study quantified the biodiversity inhabiting, or associated with, three morphologically distinct coral reef sponges. Coelocarteria singaporensis, Coscinoderma mathewsi and Ircinia microconulosa were collected from fringing reefs at Orpheus Island, central Great Barrier Reef, across monsoonal seasons (wet and dry) and diurnal periods (morning, afternoon and night for C. singaporensis) to quantify Sponge Associated Biota (SAB). A total of 8489 SAB was sorted from 77 sponges. Twenty‐six taxa, across 3 kingdoms and 12 phyla were recorded. Sponge‐associated biota was dominated by Mollusca in all three sponge hosts (range ~ 46%–50%) but taxa were found from a number of other phyla including, Arthropoda, Annelida, Echinodermata, Cnidaria, Foraminifera and Nemertea. There was no effect of season on abundances of SAB within the three species of sponge, but there was a significant effect associated with sponge host species, driven by a higher number of SAB in C. singaporensis and I. microconulosa. The diurnal patterns of SAB within C. singaporensis showed consistent abundances of mobile invertebrate groups with molluscs, echinoderms and arthropods dominating these samples. This study also highlights the ecological role and contribution of SAB in the reef ecosystems.

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