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Published (Version of record)CC BY V4.0, Open Access
Published (Version of record)CC BY V4.0, Open
Journal article
Cluster Root Formation in Macadamia integrifolia Seedlings: Responses to Phosphorus and Variation Among Grafted Scions
Agronomy, Vol.16(3), pp.1-17
26/01/2026
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Abstract
Cluster roots enhance phosphorus (P) acquisition in macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia), yet their development under different P levels and effects of different grafted scion/rootstock combinations are not well understood. This study examined cluster root formation in seedlings under varying soil P levels and evaluated cluster root differences between two different rootstocks, each grafted with five different scions. Cluster roots first appeared at 42 days after planting (DAP), with low P promoting greater root number but without increasing biomass. High P application (800 mg P pot−1) suppressed cluster root number by around 50%, corresponding to leaf P concentrations of ~1.05 mg g−1. Scions and rootstocks influenced cluster root development, with the H2 rootstock supporting more cluster roots than Beaumont. These results show that cluster root formation in macadamia is modulated by both P availability and genetics.
Details
- Title
- Cluster Root Formation in Macadamia integrifolia Seedlings: Responses to Phosphorus and Variation Among Grafted Scions
- Creators
- Kwanho Jeong - Southern Cross UniversitySuzy Rogiers - New South Wales Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentAbraham J. Gibson - Southern Cross UniversityJos Mieog - Southern Cross UniversityManisha Thapa - Southern Cross UniversityTobias Kretzschmar - Southern Cross UniversityBronwyn J. Barkla - Southern Cross UniversityTerry J. Rose - Southern Cross University
- Publication Details
- Agronomy, Vol.16(3), pp.1-17
- Publisher
- MDPI AG; BASEL
- Grant note
- This research was supported by the ARC Linkage Program (LP220100073), funded by the Australian Research Council in partnership with the Australian Macadamia Society and NSW Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development.
- Identifiers
- 991013346834302368
- Copyright
- © 2026 by the authors.
- Academic Unit
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Science
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article