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Climate change mitigation and improvement of water quality from the restoration of a subtropical coastal wetland
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Climate change mitigation and improvement of water quality from the restoration of a subtropical coastal wetland

N. Iram, D T Maher, C E Lovelock, T Baker, C Cadier and M F Adame
Ecological Applications, Vol.32(5), e2620
07/2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2620
PMID: 3589535
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Published (Version of record)CC BY V4.0,  Open Access
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Abstract

Melaleuca floodplain greenhouse gases mangroves methane nitrogen nitrous oxide sugarcane Greenhouse gas inventories and fluxes Measurement and assessment of freshwater quality (incl. physical and chemical conditions of water)
Coastal wetland restoration is an important activity to achieve greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets, improve water quality, and reach the Sustainable Development Goals. However, there are still many uncertainties on achieving, measuring, and reporting success from coastal wetland restoration. We measured levels of carbon (C) abatement and nitrogen (N) removal potential of restored coastal wetlands in subtropical Queensland. The site was originally a supratidal forest comprised of Melaleuca spp. that was cleared and drained in the 1990s for sugarcane production. In 2010, tidal inundation was reinstated, and a mosaic of coastal vegetation (saltmarsh, mangroves, and supratidal forests) emerged. We measured soil GHG fluxes (CH4 , N2 O, CO2 ) and sequestration of organic C in the trees and soil to estimate the net C abatement associated with the reference, converted, and restored sites. To assess the influence of restoration on water quality improvement, we measured denitrification and soil N accumulation. We calculated C abatement of 18.5Mg CO2-eq ha-1 y-1 when sugarcane land transitioned to supratidal forests, 11.0Mg CO2-eq ha-1 y-1 when transitioned to mangroves and 6.2Mg CO2-eq ha-1 y-1 when transitioned to saltmarsh. The C abatement was due to tree growth, soil accumulation, and reduced N2 O emissions due to the cessation of fertilisation. Carbon abatement was still positive, even accounting for CH4 emissions, which increased in the wetlands due to flooding and N2 O production due to enhanced levels of denitrification. Coastal wetland restoration in this subtropical setting effectively reduces CO2 emissions while providing additional co-benefits, notably water quality improvement

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