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Changing sediment and surface water processes increase CH4 emissions from human-impacted estuaries
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Changing sediment and surface water processes increase CH4 emissions from human-impacted estuaries

Naomi S Wells, Jian-Jhih (Kenji) Chen, Damien T Maher, Peisheng Huang, Dirk V Erler, Matthew R Hipsey and Bradley D Eyre
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol.280, pp.130-147
01/07/2020
url
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.04.020View
Published (Version of record)

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UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This output has contributed to the advancement of the following goals:

#6 Clean Water and Sanitation
#13 Climate Action
#14 Life Below Water

Source: InCites

Abstract

δ13C eutrophication benthic processes greenhouse gasses land-use change coastal ecosystems Australia methanogenesis
Coastal waters are known to emit globally significant quantities of CH4, a potent greenhouse gas, but the potential of the rapid and ongoing human alterations to coastal areas to alter these emissions remains undefined. Here we addressed this gap by quantifying water-to-air CH4 fluxes and δ13C-CH4 values in sub-tropical estuaries at Low (n = 3), Moderate (n = 2), and High (n = 3) levels of human modification (agricultural land use, wastewater discharge), and sediment-to-water CH4 fluxes from the major benthic habitats in representative Low, Moderate, and High systems. An increase in water-to-air CH4 fluxes from 9.7 µmol m-2 d-1 (Low) to 28 µmol m-2 d-1 (Moderate) to 47 µmol m-2 d-1 (High) was accompanied by a shift from hydrogenotrophic to acetoclastic production pathways. Unexpectedly, benthic CH4 production, which ranged from -48 µmol m-2 d-1 to +180 µmol m-2 d-1 between habitats, estuaries, and seasons, was not the primary driver of this shift. Sediments produced more CH4 (∼600%) than emitted from the Low estuary, ∼90% of CH4 emitted from the Moderate estuary, but only 9% of CH4 emitted from the High estuary. Instead, a combination of wastewater, groundwater, and apparent water column production caused a ∼3-fold increase in estuary CH4 emissions. Our findings indicate that human alterations to the source, rate, and pathways of CH4 production are driving a net increase in emissions from estuaries, demonstrating a need to redefine how we quantify ‘anthropogenic’ CH4 emissions.

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