Can smoking initiation contexts predict how adult Aboriginal smokers assess their smoking risks? A cross-sectional study using the ‘Smoking Risk Assessment Target’

Gillian Sandra Gould; Kerrianne Watt; Robert West; Yvonne Cadet-James; Alan R Clough

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010722

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Can smoking initiation contexts predict how adult Aboriginal smokers assess their smoking risks? A cross-sectional study using the ‘Smoking Risk Assessment Target’

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Can smoking initiation contexts predict how adult Aboriginal smokers assess their smoking risks? A cross-sectional study using the ‘Smoking Risk Assessment Target’

Gillian Sandra Gould, Kerrianne Watt, Robert West, Yvonne Cadet-James and Alan R Clough

BMJ Open, Vol.6(7), e010722

07/2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010722

PMCID: PMC4947807

PMID: 27388350

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Abstract

Objectives Smoking prevalence is slow to reduce among Indigenous Australians of reproductive age. We analysed the relationships between age of smoking initiation, recalled initiation influences and self-assessment of smoking risks in Aboriginal smokers. Design, setting and participants A community-based cross-sectional survey of Aboriginal smokers aged 18–45 years (N=121; 58 men) was undertaken, using single-item measures. The Smoking Risk Assessment Target (SRAT) as the primary outcome measure enabled self-assessment of smoking risks from 12 options, recategorised into 3 groups. Participants recalled influences on their smoking initiation. Multinomial logistic regression modelling included age, gender, strength of urges to smoke, age at initiation (regular uptake) and statistically significant initiation influences on χ2 tests (‘to be cool’, alcohol and cannabis).ResultsFrequent initiation influences included friends (74%; SD 0.44), family (57%; SD 0.5) and alcohol (40%; SD 0.49). 54% (n=65) of smokers had the highest risk perception on the SRAT, selected by those who cared about the smoking risks and intended to quit soon. On multivariate analyses, compared with the highest level of SRAT, male gender, lower age of uptake and strong urges to smoke were significantly associated with the lowest level of SRAT, selected by those who refuted risks or thought they could not quit. Lower age of uptake and alcohol were associated with mid-level of SRAT, selected by those who cared about smoking risks, but did not consider quitting as a priority.ConclusionsCharacteristics of smoking initiation in youth may have far-reaching associations with how smoking risks are assessed by adults of reproductive age, and their intentions to quit smoking. Becoming a regular smoker at under the age of 16 years, and influences of alcohol on smoking uptake, were inversely associated with high-level assessment of smoking risks and intention to quit in regional Aboriginal smokers. The SRAT may help tailor approaches to Indigenous smoking cessation.

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Title: Can smoking initiation contexts predict how adult Aboriginal smokers assess their smoking risks? A cross-sectional study using the ‘Smoking Risk Assessment Target’
Creators: Gillian Sandra Gould - School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
Kerrianne Watt - College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
Robert West - Health Behaviour Research Centre, Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
Yvonne Cadet-James - Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
Alan R Clough - Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
Publication Details: BMJ Open, Vol.6(7), e010722
Publisher: B M J Group
Identifiers: 991012958199002368
Copyright: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work noncommercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Academic Unit: Faculty of Health
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

Can smoking initiation contexts predict how adult Aboriginal smokers assess their smoking risks? A cross-sectional study using the ‘Smoking Risk Assessment Target’

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