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Published (Version of record)CC BY V4.0, Open Access
Published (Version of record)CC BY V4.0, Open
Journal article
Association of environmental temperature and relative humidity with ocular and flank temperatures in dromedary camels
Animals, Vol.15(3), pp.1-16
22/01/2025
PMCID: PMC11816120
PMID: 39943079
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Source: InCites
Abstract
Heat stress represents significant challenges for livestock, adversely affecting their production, reproduction, and overall welfare. This study aimed to explore the interrelationships between environmental and animal-related factors and the flank temperature (FT) and eye temperature (ET) recorded using IRT in dromedary camels. This study was conducted in the Cholistan Desert in 2023, and IRT images of the eyes and flanks were captured from 510 camels across 54 herds. During the image analyses, pictures taken from 499 camels were of good quality and included. The camels were of both sexes and of various ages (minimum 3 years, pubertal and adult stages), and they had diverse physiological statuses (breeding, immature, lactating, non-lactating, and pregnant). Before taking the IRT pictures, ambient temperature and humidity were registered using a weather station, and light intensity was recorded using a lux meter. The ET was associated only with physiological status (p < 0.05), with pregnant females showing the lowest values, while no effects of physiological status, sex, or age were found for FT. The environmental temperature showed a positive correlation with both ET (r = 0.7887) and FT (r = 0.6280), highlighting the sensitivity of camel thermoregulation to temperature fluctuations. As expected, a strong positive correlation between ET and FT (r = 0.6643) was found. Conversely, a significant negative correlation was observed between humidity and ET (-0.7444) and FT (-0.5519), indicating that higher humidity levels lead to decreased temperatures in both regions. Light intensity (lux) exhibited minimal influence on both temperatures, with correlations of 0.1019 for ET and 0.2650 for FT. This study contributes to the field of precision livestock farming by suggesting a possible application of IRT for detecting thermal stress in camels in pastoral settings.
Details
- Title
- Association of environmental temperature and relative humidity with ocular and flank temperatures in dromedary camels
- Creators
- Asim Faraz - Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityNaod Thomas Masebo - University of BolognaSyeda Maryam Hussain - Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture UniversityAbdul Waheed - Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityHafiz Muhammad Ishaq - Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityNasir Ali Tauqir - Islamia University of BahawalpurAli Raza Abbasi - Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of AgricultureFaizan Saleem - Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityBarbara Padalino - University of Bologna
- Publication Details
- Animals, Vol.15(3), pp.1-16
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Number of pages
- 16
- Grant note
- Animals' Angels
- Identifiers
- 991013293354402368
- Copyright
- © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
- Academic Unit
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Veterinary Science
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article