Journal article
Abundant stocks and mobilization of elements in boreal acid sulfate soils
Geoderma, Vol.308, pp.333-340
8th international acid sulfate conference
15/12/2017
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Abstract
Large amounts of sulfate and divalent iron (Fe) are released into the pore water of acid sulfate (AS) soils upon oxidation of sulfidic materials. The simultaneously produced acidity dissolves metals from the soil matrix. Reduced horizons of AS soils commonly have a large mineral nitrogen (N) stock in the form of NH (sub 4) (super +) -N, which is a potential source of N leaching and gaseous emissions. This study was carried out at three AS soil sites in Finland. Cation composition of pore water was monitored in a monolithic lysimeter experiment. Timothy samples grown in an AS soil were analysed for mineral elements and the soil was investigated for zinc (Zn) distribution in different chemical species at four depths down to 85 cm. The composition of pipestems formed in previous root channels was investigated by SEM, X-ray EDX and XRD. Emissions of CO (sub 2) and N (sub 2) O were measured in an AS field which had a peaty topsoil. Monitoring by closed chambers was carried out at three sites differing in the depth of peat layer (15, 30 and 60 cm). In the sulfuric horizon, large amounts of calcium and magnesium were mobilized. Reflooding stopped the mobilization of those elements but resulted in abundant dissolution of Fe, which became the dominant cation in the pore water. Timothy growing in an AS soil showed only small deviations from the average composition measured in Finland with the exception of Zn that was at the deficiency level. As Zn in the root zone had been dissolved and subsequently leached, it was recovered in easily soluble forms in the subsoil. Pipestem composition indicated accumulation of Fe and formation of a new solid phase probably mostly in the form of schwertmannite even though jarosite was also detected. The annual CO (sub 2) emissions from the peaty AS soil were about 6000 kg C ha (super -1) but the N (sub 2) O emissions were relatively small, with a magnitude more typical of mineral rather than organic soils. Thus, large N stock of an AS soil do not necessarily contribute to abundant gaseous N emissions.
Details
- Title
- Abundant stocks and mobilization of elements in boreal acid sulfate soils
- Creators
- Markku Yli-Halla - University of Helsinki, Department of Environmental Soil Science Helsinki FIN FinlandSeija VirtanenMinna MakelaAsko SimojokiMirva HirviSaila InnanenJaakko J. MakelaLeigh Sullivan - Southern Cross University
- Publication Details
- Geoderma, Vol.308, pp.333-340
- Conference
- 8th international acid sulfate conference
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Grant note
- The authors thank Suoviljelysyhdistys ry – Association of Peat Soil Cultivation, Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and Finnish Cultural Foundation for financial support. Part of the results were also generated within the doctoral studies of S. Virtanen supported by the Academy of Finland, the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of the University of Helsinki, the Natural Resources and Environment Postgraduate School, the “CATERMASS Life +” project (Life 08/ENV/FIN/000609), the Oiva Kuusisto Foundation and the Drainage Foundation sr.
- Identifiers
- 991012927090702368
- Copyright
- © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Academic Unit
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Science; Southern Cross GeoScience
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article