Journal article
A review of global outlook on fluoride contamination in groundwater with prominence on the Pakistan current situation
Environmental geochemistry and health, Vol.40, pp.1265-1281
08/2018
PMID: 29260447
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Abstract
Several million people are exposed to fluoride (F-) via drinking water in the world. Current review emphasized the elevated level of fluoride concentrations in the groundwater and associated potential health risk globally with a special focus on Pakistan. Millions of people are deeply dependent on groundwater from different countries of the world encompassing with an elevated level of fluoride. The latest estimates suggest that around 200 million people, from among 25 nations the world over, are under the dreadful fate of fluorosis. India and China, the two most populous countries of the world, are the worst affected. In Pakistan, fluoride data of 29 major cities are reviewed and 34% of the cities show fluoride levels with a mean value greater than 1.5 mg/L where Lahore, Quetta and Tehsil Mailsi are having the maximum values of 23.60, 24.48, > 5.5 mg/L, respectively. In recent years, however, other countries have minimized, even eliminated its use due to health issues. High concentration of fluoride for extended time period causes adverse effects of health such as skin lesions, discoloration, cardiovascular disorders, dental fluorosis and crippling skeletal fluorosis. This review deliberates comprehensive strategy of drinking water quality in the global scenario of fluoride contamination, especially in Pakistan with prominence on major pollutants, mitigation technologies, sources of pollution and ensuing health problems. Considering these verities, health authorities urgently need to establish alternative means of water decontamination in order to prevent associated health problems.
Details
- Title
- A review of global outlook on fluoride contamination in groundwater with prominence on the Pakistan current situation
- Creators
- Atta Rasool - University of Chinese Academy of SciencesAbida Farooqi - Quaid-i-Azam UniversityTangfu Xiao - Guangzhou UniversityWaqar Ali - University of Chinese Academy of SciencesSifat Noor - Quaid-i-Azam UniversityOyebamiji Abiola - University of Chinese Academy of SciencesSalar Ali - Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyWajid Nasim - COMSATS University Islamabad
- Publication Details
- Environmental geochemistry and health, Vol.40, pp.1265-1281
- Publisher
- Springer Nature
- Number of pages
- 17
- Identifiers
- 991013092677402368
- Copyright
- (c) Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature 2017.
- Academic Unit
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article