A reassessment of the early archaeological record at Leang Burung 2, a Late Pleistocene rock-shelter site on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi

Adam Brumm; Budianto Hakim; Muhammad Ramli; Maxime Aubert; Gerrit D van den Bergh; Bo Li; Basran Burhan; Andi Muhammad Saiful; Linda Siagian; Ratno Sardi; Andi Jusdi; Abdullah; Andi Pampang Mubarak; Mark W Moore; Richard G Roberts; Jian-Xin Zhao; David McGahan; Brian G Jones; Yinika Perston; Katherine Szabó; M Irfan Mahmud; Kira Westaway; Jatmiko; E Wahyu Saptomo; Sander van der Kaars; Rainer Grün; Rachel Wood; John Dodson; Michael J Morwood

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193025

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A reassessment of the early archaeological record at Leang Burung 2, a Late Pleistocene rock-shelter site on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi

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A reassessment of the early archaeological record at Leang Burung 2, a Late Pleistocene rock-shelter site on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi

Adam Brumm, Budianto Hakim, Muhammad Ramli, Maxime Aubert, Gerrit D van den Bergh, Bo Li, Basran Burhan, Andi Muhammad Saiful, Linda Siagian, Ratno Sardi, …

PloS one, Vol.13(4), e0193025

11/04/2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193025

PMCID: PMC5894965

PMID: 29641524

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Abstract

archaeology

This paper presents a reassessment of the archaeological record at Leang Burung 2, a key early human occupation site in the Late Pleistocene of Southeast Asia. Excavated originally by Ian Glover in 1975, this limestone rock-shelter in the Maros karsts of Sulawesi, Indonesia, has long held significance in our understanding of early human dispersals into 'Wallacea', the vast zone of oceanic islands between continental Asia and Australia. We present new stratigraphic information and dating evidence from Leang Burung 2 collected during the course of our excavations at this site in 2007 and 2011-13. Our findings suggest that the classic Late Pleistocene modern human occupation sequence identified previously at Leang Burung 2, and proposed to span around 31,000 to 19,000 conventional 14C years BP (~35-24 ka cal BP), may actually represent an amalgam of reworked archaeological materials. Sources for cultural materials of mixed ages comprise breccias from the rear wall of the rock-shelter-remnants of older, eroded deposits dated to 35-23 ka cal BP-and cultural remains of early Holocene antiquity. Below the upper levels affected by the mass loss of Late Pleistocene deposits, our deep-trench excavations uncovered evidence for an earlier hominin presence at the site. These findings include fossils of now-extinct proboscideans and other 'megafauna' in stratified context, as well as a cobble-based stone artifact technology comparable to that produced by late Middle Pleistocene hominins elsewhere on Sulawesi.

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Title: A reassessment of the early archaeological record at Leang Burung 2, a Late Pleistocene rock-shelter site on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi
Creators: Adam Brumm - Griffith University
Budianto Hakim - Balai Arkeologi Sulawesi Selatan
Muhammad Ramli - Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya (BPCB)
Maxime Aubert - Griffith University
Gerrit D van den Bergh - University of Wollongong
Bo Li - University of Wollongong
Basran Burhan - Independent Archaeologist, Makassar, Indonesia.
Andi Muhammad Saiful - Balai Arkeologi Sulawesi Selatan
Linda Siagian - Museum Kepresidenan Republik Indonesia Balai Kirti, Paledang-Bogor, Indonesia.
Ratno Sardi - Balai Arkeologi Sulawesi Selatan
Andi Jusdi - Balai Arkeologi Sulawesi Selatan
Abdullah - Balai Arkeologi Sulawesi Selatan
Andi Pampang Mubarak - Balai Arkeologi Sulawesi Selatan
Mark W Moore - University of New England
Richard G Roberts - University of Wollongong
Jian-Xin Zhao - University of Queensland
David McGahan - Griffith University
Brian G Jones - University of Wollongong
Yinika Perston - University of New England
Katherine Szabó - University of Wollongong
M Irfan Mahmud - Balai Arkeologi Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia
Kira Westaway - Macquarie University
Jatmiko - University of Wollongong
E Wahyu Saptomo - University of Wollongong
Sander van der Kaars - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Rainer Grün - Australian National University
Rachel Wood - Australian National University
John Dodson - University of Wollongong
Michael J Morwood - University of Wollongong
Publication Details: PloS one, Vol.13(4), e0193025
Publisher: Public Library of Science
Grant note: The 2011-13 excavations at Leang Burung 2 and post-excavation work related to the research were supported by Australian Research Council fellowships awarded to A.B. (DP0879624 and Discovery Early Career Researcher Award DE130101560). B.L. and R.G.R. were supported by Future Fellowship FT140100384 and Laureate Fellowship FL130100116, respectively, while G.D.v.d.B.’s research was supported by Future Fellowship FT100100384. The 2011 excavations were also supported by a start-up grant from the University of Wollongong’s Centre for Archaeological Science, awarded to K.S. and A.B. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Identifiers: 991013103888902368
Academic Unit: Faculty of Science and Engineering
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

A reassessment of the early archaeological record at Leang Burung 2, a Late Pleistocene rock-shelter site on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi

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