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Carbon Nanomaterial Additives in Concrete as a Pathway Towards High Performance and Sustainability
Book chapter

Carbon Nanomaterial Additives in Concrete as a Pathway Towards High Performance and Sustainability

Dorian A.H. Hanaor
Springer Series in Materials Science, pp.237-251
Springer Nature
11/2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-97818-0_14
Appears in  Recent Faculty of Science and Engineering Publications

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Abstract

Cement Concrete Graphene Oxide Nanomaterials Sustainability
The addition of carbon nanomaterials at low concentrations has been shown to produce significant improvements to the strength and hardness of concrete. Nanostructured carbon based materials including graphene nanoparticles, graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes have been applied in various concrete types with interesting results, presenting diverse opportunities for the reduction of cement content and the improved performance and sustainability outcomes of cemented materials. Here we examine the mechanisms through which carbon nanomaterials enhance the performance of concrete and discuss the challenges and opportunities involved in the future development of these advanced materials. In particular the value of carbon nanomaterial modified concrete towards greater sustainability in the built environment is scrutinized. Graphene oxide appears to be the most widely used and effective method to improve cement performance in terms of strength and density of hydration products. The improvement of cement performance is found to occur through enhanced hydration kinetics and denser hydration products. However, the high environmental impact of their production and the lack of a clear framework to guide the implementation of such carbon nanomaterials as cement additives remain as obstacles towards the achievement of improved sustainability outcomes.

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