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Cross-Chain Interoperability: Local, Proved, and Checkpointed States
Abstract

Cross-Chain Interoperability: Local, Proved, and Checkpointed States

Jonathan Oleszkiewicz and Babu Pillai
2026 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency, pp.1-4
2026 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC) (Brisbane, Australia, 01/06/2026–05/06/2026)
01/06/2026

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Abstract

blockchain cross-chain interoperability zeroknowledge proofs
Cross-chain applications need to know when a fact proven about one domain has become a contract-consumable fact on another. In selectively posted L1-L2 systems (validium-style), a height may already be locally stable and proved off-chain, yet no public checkpoint may exist on the anchoring layer L for a bridge or settlement contract to read. We study this minimal cross-domain setting and ask which strictly on-chain signals suffice for a contract to decide that a proved checkpoint claim is now consumable. We introduce a three-state model-Local, Proved, and Checkpointed-and show that checkpointed visibility cannot be determined from the proof-side view alone: in this model it additionally requires two on-chain observables, public eligibility and a proof-bound checkpoint record on the designated verifier/anchor path. We instantiate the model on a deterministic LocalV1 driver with real off-chain Groth16 proofs and an anvilsimulated anchoring layer. Across 10-, 50-, and 100-block prefixes, checkpoint materialization remains compact and nearly invariant at the contract boundary, consuming 198091-198169 gas while posting a fixed 168 B payload and 420 B of calldata. The resulting reproducible trace isolates a minimal interoperability primitive: the on-chain condition under which a proved cross-domain claim becomes consumable by a downstream contract.

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